When is the use of marker signals essential in training?

The use of marker signals is essential during training when it is applied consistently after the behavior is displayed. Marker signals, such as a click or a verbal cue, indicate to the animal that it has performed the desired behavior correctly. This immediate feedback helps the animal understand which specific action resulted in the positive reinforcement.

Using a marker signal consistently right after the behavior helps to strengthen the association between the action and the reward, thus enhancing learning and retention. Timing is crucial in training because the animal needs to make an immediate connection between its behavior and the subsequent outcome. This approach is fundamental to positive reinforcement training techniques, where clarity and consistency of communication between the trainer and animal are key to successful learning.

The other options do not effectively utilize the timing and purpose of marker signals in training context.