What is a primary physiological response of the body to acute stressors?

Acute stressors trigger the body's "fight or flight" response, primarily governed by the autonomic nervous system and the release of stress hormones such as adrenaline. In this state, the body prepares to respond to perceived threats or challenges. One of the hallmark physiological responses to acute stress includes an increased heart rate and respiration rate.

This physiological change allows for enhanced oxygen delivery and improved blood flow to vital organs and muscles, equipping the body to react quickly. The heart pumps faster to circulate more blood, thereby delivering essential nutrients and oxygen to tissues more efficiently. Similarly, increased respiration helps to maximize oxygen intake and carbon dioxide expulsion.

While chronic stress can negatively affect immune function, acute stress often leads to a temporary suppression of immune responses rather than an increase. Similarly, decreased heart rate and respiration would be counterproductive in a stressful situation where quick, decisive action might be necessary. Thus, the body's response to acute stress is correctly characterized by an increase in heart rate and respiration.